Destinations

Kaifeng vs Luoyang: Henan's Ancient Capitals

Both were capitals of multiple Chinese dynasties. Kaifeng is Song Dynasty charm; Luoyang is Tang Dynasty grandeur.

By China Travel Atlas Editorial Team·Updated July 10, 2026·5 min read
CT
Written & reviewed by China Travel Atlas Editorial Team
China Travel Specialists|Based in Beijing, Xi'an, and Shanghai|Last updated: 2026-07-10

Kaifeng has a recreated Song-era old town and vibrant night markets. Luoyang has the Longmen Grottoes and White Horse Temple. Both are off the main tourist trail.

Quick Comparison: Kaifeng vs Luoyang

FactorKaifengLuoyang
Dynasty peakNorthern Song (960-1127)Tang (618-907)
Top sightMillennium City ParkLongmen Grottoes (UNESCO)
Food sceneExcellent (night markets)Good (water banquet)
Tourist crowdsFew (domestic only)Moderate
Best forFood loversArt and history buffs
From Zhengzhou40 min by train40 min by train

Historical Significance

Kaifeng was the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, then one of the world's largest cities. Much of the ancient city is buried under Yellow River flood silt, but a recreated Song-era town at Millennium City Park brings the era to life. Luoyang was capital of 13 dynasties, most famously the Tang. The Longmen Grottoes, with 100,000 Buddhist statues carved into cliffs, are one of China's greatest art treasures.

FactorKaifengLuoyang
Dynasties as capital713
Peak eraNorthern SongTang
UNESCO siteNoLongmen Grottoes
Oldest templeNoWhite Horse Temple (68 AD)

Food and Night Markets

Kaifeng's night market is one of the best in China — a chaotic, delicious sprawl of stalls selling soup dumplings, stewed lamb, peanut cakes, and cold noodles. Luoyang's signature is the Water Banquet, a 24-course meal of soups and stews dating to the Tang Dynasty. Kaifeng wins for street food; Luoyang wins for formal dining experiences.

FactorKaifengLuoyang
Night marketTop 5 in ChinaSmall
Signature dishStewed lamb, peanut cakeWater Banquet (24 courses)
Food styleNorthern, heartyHenan, soupy
PriceVery cheapModerate

Practical Tips

Both cities are easy day trips from Zhengzhou, Henan's capital. Kaifeng is 40 minutes east by train; Luoyang is 40 minutes west. For Kaifeng, arrive by afternoon, explore the old town, and stay for the night market. For Luoyang, allow a full day for Longmen Grottoes and White Horse Temple. Spring (April) is ideal for Luoyang's peony festival.

FactorKaifengLuoyang
From Zhengzhou40 min40 min
Recommended stay1 day + evening1-2 days
Best seasonOct-NovApr (peony festival)
Ticket costLowModerate (grottoes)

Our Verdict

Choose Kaifeng for food, night markets, and Song Dynasty atmosphere. Choose Luoyang for Buddhist art (Longmen Grottoes) and Tang Dynasty history. If time permits, visit both — they are 2 hours apart by train.

Frequently Asked Questions

1.Which is better for a day trip from Zhengzhou?

Kaifeng is a better day trip — arrive by 2pm, explore, then enjoy the night market before taking a late train back. Luoyang needs a full day for the grottoes alone.

2.Are the Longmen Grottoes worth the detour?

Absolutely. They are one of China's three greatest Buddhist art sites alongside Dunhuang and Yungang. Allow 3-4 hours.

3.What is Kaifeng's night market famous for?

Gulou Night Market is the main one. Try hu spicy soup, stewed lamb offal, peanut cakes, and cold-skin noodles. Go hungry.